Paintings, graphic art / Живопись, графика
Famous artists / Знаменитые художники, Mark Harden's Artchive: "Bauhaus"
An institute established in 1919 by Gropius from the old Weimar Academy of Fine Arts and the Weimar School of Arts and Crafts (which had been established by van de Velde). Gropius's aim was to unify the teaching of all the arts under the umbrella of design and with an eye to producing for the machine age. The school took some of the ideas of the Arts and Crafts Movement and updated them, producing designs suitable for mass productions and using modern materials like chrome and plastic (including the famous tubular-framed and moulded plastic chairs). In this it shared many of the ideas of de Stijl and the Russian Constructivists. During the 1920s the influence of the School spread, thanks to books published by Gropius and Mies van der Rohe, and to the international staff employed: Kandinsky, Klee, Feininger, Bayer, Breuer and Schlemmer were all teachers there at some time. In 1925, after a dispute over funding and complaints about the lack of success, the Bauhaus moved to new purpose-built premises at Dessau, designed by Gropius and which themselves became models of the new International style architecture. In 1928 Gropius left to pursue his own career and Mies van der Rohe succeeded him as director, but the school began to suffer under the Nazi rule and was closed in 1933. In 1937 Moholy Nagy became the new director of a Chicago branch of Bauhaus.